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AI 101 — The 12 Fundamentals

Everything you need to actually "get" AI — each idea visualised and explained in plain English. No code, no background needed. Tap any card to go deeper in AI From Zero.

1 · What AI actually is

A tool you talk to in plain words — it reads, writes and answers like a clever assistant that has read most of the internet. Not magic, not a robot taking over.

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2 · AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning

They nest inside each other: AI is the big goal, Machine Learning is AI that learns from data, and Deep Learning is ML using brain-inspired networks. Today's tools are all three.

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3 · How AI learns

It studied billions of examples and picked up the patterns — like you learned grammar from reading, not rulebooks. So it predicts the most likely helpful answer.

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4 · LLMs predict words

A Large Language Model writes one word at a time, each chosen from what came before — like super-powered autocomplete. That's how ChatGPT & Claude "think".

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5 · Tokens

AI breaks text into small chunks called tokens (roughly ¾ of a word). You're often billed per token — and each chat has a token limit.

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6 · Context window (memory)

One chat is its short-term memory, and it's limited. In long chats it forgets the start — so remind it of key details or start fresh.

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7 · Prompts

Your prompt is the steering wheel. Tell it who to be, what you want and the format — the clearer the input, the better the output. This is the #1 skill.

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8 · Hallucinations & trust

AI predicts words, it doesn't look facts up — so it can sound 100% confident and be wrong. It's great for drafting, ideas and summaries; weaker on exact facts and maths. Use it for speed, then check what matters.

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9 · Generative AI

"Generative" means it creates, not just answers — text, images, voiceovers, even video, all from a simple description. The same idea, many media.

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10 · Use your own data

You can feed AI your documents so it answers from your knowledge, not just the internet. This is how custom company assistants are built (it's called RAG).

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11 · AI agents

A chatbot answers a question. An agent takes a goal and finishes the whole job — e.g. reply to a lead, qualify them, then book the call — using tools on its own.

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12 · Safety, privacy & bias

Free tools can store what you type, so never paste passwords, client data or secrets. And AI can echo biases from its training data — keep a human in the loop on big decisions.

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